Sorghum is a warm weather crop, and like corn should not be planted before 4 inch depth soil temperature reaches 55 f. Sorghum is a genus with many species and subspecies, and there are several types of sorghum, including grain sorghums, grass sorghums for pasture and hay, sweet sorghums for syrups, and broomcorn. International board for plant genetic resources, ibpgr, rome, italy pages. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. Growth characteristics also vary depending on the location grown, inputs, and agronomic practices. This page was last edited on 14 october 2019, at 23. A related insect, the leaffooted bug leptoglossus phyllopus, also causes the same type of injury. Pdf evaluation of yield performance of sorghum sorghum. A variety of common names are used in different regions to refer to cultivated sorghum, including great millet, guinea corn, broomcorn, kaffir corn, durra, mtama, milo, jowar or.
The estimated world area of sorghum in 1972 was 40 mha, the largest areas being in india 16 mha and africa 10. Diverse sorghum bicolor accessions show marked variation in. Aphis hamilton, 20 seeking confirmation that their trsbg101b sorghum bicolor ssp. Acacia koa koa 47 acacia koaia koaia 47 acacia mangium mangium 47 acalypha wilkensiana beefsteak 47 ajuga reptans carpet bugle 47 aleurites moluccana kukui, lama, lumbang, sakan, raguar, candlenut tree 47 alpinia zerumbet shell ginger 47 arachis glabrata forage peanut 48 arachis pintoi cv. It is in flower from august to october, and the seeds ripen from september to october. Chapter 6 common and important diseases of grain sorghum. Moench is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus sorghum family poaceae. Mycorrhizal symbioses the union of roots and soil fungi are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants 1, 2. This document is intended to provide background information on the biology of cultivated sorghum bicolor, its identity, geographical distribution, reproductive biology and ecology, related species, the potential for gene introgression from s. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Sorghum bicolor is a annual growing to 5 m 16ft 5in at a fast rate.
Dec 22, 2018 sorghum is an important crop grown worldwide for feed and fibre. Sugar cane, saceharum officinarum, is a member of this tribe and a close relative of sorghum. Drummondii, which is comprised of stabilized weedy derivatives arising from introgression between. Relative lengths of chromosomes in fishkaryotyped metaphase spreads of the elite inbred btx623 were used to estimate the molecular size of each chromosome and to establish a sizebased nomenclature for sorghum chromosomes sbi01sbi10 and linkage groups. List of plant pictures by scientific name scientific. Evaluation of yield performance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Sorghum, an african grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. Insect pests can be a major limiting factor in grain sorghum production in georgia. Sweet sorghum sorghum bicolor is a giant grass, somewhat similar in appearance to sugarcane, but able to withstand cooler climates. Shared genetic control of root system architecture between. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, is an annual or perennial grass in the family poaceae grown primarily for its grain. Sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. Weed risk assessment for sorghum bicolor nothosubsp.
Sorghum originated in africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Poaceae update for itis, in cooperation with natureserve, and based on the catalogue of new world grasses database and other sources. A diploid, interspecific, fertile hybrid from cultivated sorghum, sorghum bicolor, and the common johnsongrass weed sorghum halepense article pdf available in molecular breeding 162. It is believed to have originated in africa, particularly in ethiopia and surrounding countries kimber, 2000. The plants database includes the following 3 subspecies of sorghum bicolor. Chromosome identification and nomenclature of sorghum bicolor. Diverse sorghum bicolor accessions show marked variation. Common stink bugs in sorghum include the southern green stink bug nezera viridula, brown stink bug several species of euschistus spp. Growers must be prepared to scout and prevent injury from insects in sorghum. It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of. Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times. It is the member of the grass family poaceae or gramineae. Other names i andropogon sorghum andropogon sorghum l. Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley.
The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk assessment of genetically modified forms of the species that may be released into the. It is the fifth most important cereal crop after wheat, corn, rice and barley. Sorghum facts, health benefits and nutritional value. Sorghum is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30. Population genomics of sorghum sorghum bicolor across. In smallholder production systems of africa, sorghum is used as food, forage, and building material, and cultivated under constraints such as drought, insects, weeds, and bird predation national. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is a common summer crop used as a food source in african countries but only as animal feed in western countries such as the united states and australia. Moench, is an annual or shortterm perennial plant belonging to the same family poaceae as rice, wheat, and corn. The orbitosphenoid is the last chondral bone to appear. Clarke, in encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition second edition, 2003. A diploid, interspecific, fertile hybrid from cultivated. A field experiment was conducted on sorghum sorghum bicolor l. A diploid, interspecific, fertile hybrid from cultivated sorghum, sorghum bicolor, and the common johnsongrass weed sorghum halepense article pdf available in.
Moench is an accepted scientific name and sorghum saccharatum l. Common names used by the applicant are sorghum or sweet sorghum. Sorghum bicolor sorghum, common wild sorghum, grain sorghum. Valuable agronomic traits are often present but inaccessible in the wild relatives of cultivated crop species. Sorghum grain is used for stockfeed in the new world, japan and europe. For sorghum sorghum bicolor, a subset of the sap casa et al. The genus sorghum is characterized by spikelets borne in pairs.
Genetic diversity study of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Kowal, department of botany, university of wisconsinmadison. Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops around the world, particularly in africa, highly cultivated for dietary staple. Beer has been produced from sorghum in many african countries for decades, either because there was no other grain source available or through preference. This study aims to dissect the genetic architecture of grain size in sorghum. Several unsuccessful attempts have been made to hybridize cultivated sorghum with its wild relatives to broaden its genetic base and enhance agronomic value.
In the midwest and parts of the southern states of the usa, the juice of sweet sorghum is heated, clarified by skimming, and concentrated into. Technical report on the notification of syrup from sorghum. The ancestral gene content in these regio a total number of unigenes were identified as being differentially regulated in maritime pine roots during the development of mycorrhiza. Sorghum is treated as an annual, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics it can be harvested many times.
It is especially adapted to grow in dry areas but, being so rich in diversity, it also grows well in temperate and high altitude environments. The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Phytoremediation of strontium contaminated soil by sorghum bicolor l. Jul 30, 2019 caladium bicolor araceae is a horticulture bicolo also used by some traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea and nicolor gastrointestinal disorders. Utilization of wild germplasm depends on the production of fertile interspecific hybrids.
Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Sorghum commonly known as broom corn, great millet, durra, jowari and milo is a large grain plant native to northern africa which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions these days. For this reason, a good knowledge and usage of this genetic resource in sorghum accessions is highly vital for improving crop quality. Moench is a crop indigenous to africa, where it appears to have been domesticated in ethiopia about 5 000 years ago. Media in category sorghum bicolor the following 106 files are in this category, out of 106 total. Moench is a major staple crop that is adapted to multiple agroclimatic zones of the world smith and frederiksen 2000. Sorghum bicolor is an important crop providing food and fodder in the semiarid tropics of the world. Sorghum is also planted for cattle fodder and other purposes. This publication provides information on the biology and management of sorghum pests. Sorghum insect pests and their management uga cooperative. In smallholder production systems of africa, sorghum is used as food, forage, and building material, and cultivated under constraints such as drought, insects, weeds, and bird predation national research council 1996. Plant 1 to 2 inches deep about 10 to 15 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart. The focus of this species page is on sorghum bicolor ssp.
However, a proper insect pest management program will minimize losses to insects and ensure appropriate insecticide use. Jan 29, 2009 sorghum, an african grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. Linkage group identities and homologies were determined for metaphase chromosomes of sorghum bicolor 2 n 20 by fish of landed bacs. Caladium bicolor araceae is a horticulture bicolo also used by some traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea and nicolor gastrointestinal disorders. Sorghum is an important crop grown worldwide for feed and fibre. The gene complement of sorghum among 34,496 sorghum gene models, we found,27,640 bona fide proteincoding genes by combining homologybased and ab initio. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where this hardy crop provides better household food security than maize. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. Like most plants, it has the capacity to benefit from symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal am fungi, and its diverse genotypes likely vary in their responses. For this reason, a good knowledge and usage of this genetic resource in sorghum accessions is highly. Sorghum diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation.
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